Ndi chitukuko cha zida za maginito osowa padziko lapansi m'zaka za m'ma 1970, maginito osowa padziko lapansi adakhalapo. Maginito osatha a maginito amagwiritsa ntchito maginito osowa padziko lapansi kuti asangalatse, ndipo maginito okhazikika amatha kupanga maginito okhazikika pambuyo pa maginito. Kuchita kwake kosangalatsa ndikwabwino kwambiri, ndipo ndiyabwino kuposa ma mota othamangitsa magetsi potengera kukhazikika, mtundu, komanso kuchepa kwakutaya, zomwe zagwedeza msika wamagalimoto azikhalidwe.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndikukula kwachangu kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo wamakono, magwiridwe antchito ndi ukadaulo wa zida zamagetsi, makamaka zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zapadziko lapansi, zasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono. Kuphatikizidwa ndikukula mwachangu kwamagetsi amagetsi, ukadaulo wotumizira mphamvu ndiukadaulo wowongolera, magwiridwe antchito a maginito okhazikika a synchronous motors akuyenda bwino.

Kuphatikiza apo, maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors ali ndi ubwino wopepuka, kapangidwe kosavuta, kakulidwe kakang'ono, mikhalidwe yabwino komanso kachulukidwe kamphamvu. Mabungwe ambiri ofufuza asayansi ndi mabizinesi akuchita mwachangu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors, ndipo madera awo adzakulitsidwanso.

1.Development maziko a okhazikika maginito synchronous galimoto

a.Kugwiritsa ntchito mkulu ntchito osowa dziko okhazikika zipangizo maginito

Zosowa padziko lapansi okhazikika maginito zipangizo zadutsa magawo atatu: SmCo5, Sm2Co17, ndi Nd2Fe14B. Panopa, okhazikika zipangizo maginito akuimiridwa ndi NdFeB akhala mtundu ambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito osowa dziko okhazikika maginito zipangizo chifukwa katundu wawo kwambiri maginito. Kupanga zida zokhazikika za maginito kwapangitsa kuti pakhale ma mota a maginito okhazikika.

Poyerekeza ndi chikhalidwe cha magawo atatu opangira magetsi opangira magetsi, maginito okhazikika amalowa m'malo opangira magetsi, amathandizira kapangidwe kake, amachotsa mphete ndi burashi ya rotor, amazindikira kapangidwe ka brushless, ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa rotor. Izi zimathandizira kachulukidwe wamagetsi, kachulukidwe ka torque komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa mota, ndikupanga injini kukhala yaying'ono komanso yopepuka, kukulitsa gawo lake logwiritsira ntchito ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa ma mota amagetsi kupita ku mphamvu zapamwamba.

b.Kugwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso chatsopano chowongolera

M'zaka zaposachedwa, ma algorithms owongolera adakula mwachangu. Pakati pawo, ma aligorivimu owongolera vekitala athetsa vuto la njira yoyendetsera ma mota a AC, zomwe zimapangitsa ma mota a AC kukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino. Kuwonekera kwa kayendetsedwe ka torque mwachindunji kumapangitsa dongosolo lowongolera kukhala losavuta, ndipo limakhala ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu amagetsi amagetsi pakusintha kwa magawo ndi liwiro la kuyankha kwa torque mwachangu. Ukadaulo wowongolera makokedwe osalunjika umathetsa vuto la kugunda kwamphamvu kwa torque yayikulu pa liwiro lotsika, ndikuwongolera kuthamanga ndi kuwongolera kulondola kwagalimoto.

c.Kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakono zamagetsi ndi mapurosesa amphamvu kwambiri

Ukadaulo wamakono wamagetsi amagetsi ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira pakati pamakampani azidziwitso ndi mafakitale azikhalidwe, komanso mlatho pakati pa ofooka apano ndi olamulidwa amphamvu. Kupititsa patsogolo ukadaulo wamagetsi amagetsi kumathandizira kukwaniritsa njira zowongolera magalimoto.

M'zaka za m'ma 1970, ma inverter omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri adawonekera, omwe amatha kusintha mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi kukhala magetsi osinthika ndi ma frequency osinthika mosalekeza, motero kupanga mikhalidwe yosinthasintha pafupipafupi kuthamanga kwa mphamvu ya AC. Ma inverterswa ali ndi mphamvu zoyambira zofewa pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwafupipafupi, ndipo mafupipafupi amatha kukwera kuchokera ku zero kupita kufupipafupi kufupikitsa pamlingo wina, ndipo mlingo wokwera ukhoza kusinthidwa mosalekeza mkati mwamitundu yambiri, kuthetsa vuto loyambira la ma synchronous motors.

2.Development udindo wa okhazikika maginito synchronous Motors kunyumba ndi kunja

Galimoto yoyamba m'mbiri inali injini ya maginito yokhazikika. Pa nthawi imeneyo, ntchito ya okhazikika maginito zipangizo anali ndi osauka, ndi mphamvu zokakamiza ndi remanence maginito okhazikika anali otsika kwambiri, kotero iwo posakhalitsa m'malo ndi motors chikoka magetsi.

Mu 1970s, osowa dziko okhazikika maginito zipangizo ankayimiridwa ndi NdFeB anali lalikulu coercive mphamvu, remanence, amphamvu demagnetization luso ndi lalikulu maginito mphamvu mankhwala, amene anapanga mkulu-mphamvu okhazikika maginito synchronous Motors kuonekera pa siteji ya mbiri. Tsopano, kafukufuku wa maginito okhazikika a synchronous motors akukula kwambiri, ndipo akupita ku liwiro lalikulu, torque yayikulu, mphamvu yayikulu komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi ndalama zolimba za akatswiri apakhomo ndi boma, maginito okhazikika a synchronous motors apangidwa mofulumira. Ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wamakompyuta ang'onoang'ono komanso ukadaulo wowongolera, maginito okhazikika a synchronous motors akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa anthu, zomwe anthu amafunikira kuti akhale okhazikika maginito ma synchronous motors zakhala zolimba, zomwe zikupangitsa kuti maginito okhazikika akhazikike kumayendedwe okulirapo komanso kuwongolera kolondola kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuwongolera kwa njira zopangira zamakono, zida za maginito zogwira ntchito kwambiri zapangidwanso. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri mtengo wake ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimagwiritsa ntchito magawo osiyanasiyana a moyo.

3. Zamakono zamakono

a. Permanent maginito synchronous motor kapangidwe luso

Poyerekeza ndi ma motors osangalatsa amagetsi, maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors alibe ma windings othamangitsa magetsi, mphete zosonkhanitsa ndi makabati osangalatsa, zomwe zimangowonjezera kukhazikika komanso kudalirika, komanso kuchita bwino.

Pakati pawo, ma motors okhazikika a maginito okhazikika ali ndi ubwino wochita bwino kwambiri, mphamvu yayikulu, kachulukidwe kamphamvu kwambiri, mphamvu yolimba yamphamvu yamaginito yokulirakulira komanso kuthamanga kwachangu kuyankha, kuwapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino choyendetsa ma mota.

Maginito osatha amapereka mphamvu yonse yosangalatsa ya maginito amagetsi okhazikika, ndipo torque ya cogging imawonjezera kugwedezeka ndi phokoso la mota panthawi yogwira ntchito. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa torque kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito otsika kwambiri a dongosolo lowongolera liwiro la mota komanso kuyika bwino kwambiri kwa dongosolo lowongolera malo. Chifukwa chake, popanga mota, torque ya cogging iyenera kuchepetsedwa momwe mungathere kudzera mukukhathamiritsa kwa mota.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, njira ambiri kuchepetsa cogging makokedwe monga kusintha pole arc coefficient, kuchepetsa kagawo m'lifupi mwa stator, kufananitsa skew kagawo ndi pole kagawo, kusintha malo, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a mtengo maginito, etc. , ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti pochepetsa torque yamagetsi, imatha kukhudza magwiridwe antchito ena agalimoto, monga torque yamagetsi imatha kuchepa molingana. Chifukwa chake, popanga, zinthu zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kulinganizidwa momwe zingathere kuti zitheke bwino kwambiri pamagalimoto.

b.Permanent maginito synchronous galimoto kayeseleledwe luso

Kukhalapo kwa maginito okhazikika m'makina okhazikika a maginito kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa opanga kuwerengera magawo, monga kapangidwe kamene kamakhala kotayirira kotulutsa mpweya komanso pole arc coefficient. Nthawi zambiri, pulogalamu yowunikira zinthu zomalizidwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera ndi kukhathamiritsa magawo a maginito okhazikika. Pulogalamu ya Finite Element Analysis imatha kuwerengera magawo agalimoto molondola kwambiri, ndipo ndiyodalirika kwambiri kuigwiritsa ntchito kuwunika momwe magawo amagalimoto amagwirira ntchito.

Njira yowerengera yowerengera imapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta, zachangu komanso zolondola kuti tiwerenge ndikusanthula gawo lamagetsi amagetsi amagetsi. Iyi ndi njira yowerengera manambala yopangidwa pamaziko a njira yosiyana ndipo yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu sayansi ndi uinjiniya. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zamasamu kuti muzindikire madera ena osalekeza m'magulu a mayunitsi, kenako ndikuphatikizana mugawo lililonse. Mwanjira imeneyi, ntchito yolumikizira mzere imapangidwa, ndiye kuti, ntchito yofananira imapangidwa ndikuwunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zocheperako, zomwe zimatipangitsa kuti tiziwona momwe mizere ya maginito imayendera ndikugawa kachulukidwe ka maginito mkati mwa mota.

c.Permanent maginito synchronous galimoto kulamulira luso

Kupititsa patsogolo kachitidwe ka kayendetsedwe ka magalimoto ndikofunikanso kwambiri pakukula kwa gawo loyang'anira mafakitale. Zimathandizira kuti dongosololi liziyendetsedwa bwino kwambiri. Makhalidwe ake oyambira amawonekera pa liwiro lotsika, makamaka poyambira mwachangu, kuthamanga kwa static, etc., imatha kutulutsa torque yayikulu; ndipo poyendetsa pa liwiro lalikulu, imatha kukwanitsa kuwongolera liwiro lamphamvu nthawi zonse mosiyanasiyana. Table 1 ikufanizira magwiridwe antchito a injini zingapo zazikulu.

Monga tikuwonera mu Table 1, ma motors okhazikika a maginito amakhala ndi kudalirika kwabwino, liwiro lalikulu komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri. Ngati kuphatikizidwa ndi njira yowongolera yofananira, makina onse amagalimoto amatha kuchita bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusankha ma aligorivimu oyenera kuti mukwaniritse kuyendetsa bwino kwa liwiro, kuti makina oyendetsa galimoto azitha kugwira ntchito m'malo owongolera liwiro komanso kuchuluka kwamagetsi kosalekeza.

Njira yowongolera vekitala imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu algorithm yokhazikika ya maginito mota liwiro. Ili ndi maubwino amitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyendetsera liwiro, kuchita bwino kwambiri, kudalirika kwambiri, kukhazikika kwabwino komanso zabwino zachuma. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pagalimoto yamagalimoto, zoyendera njanji ndi zida zamakina servo. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kosiyanasiyana, njira yoyendetsera ma vector yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi yosiyananso.

4.Makhalidwe a motor okhazikika maginito synchronous motor

Maginito okhazikika a synchronous motor ali ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, otsika otsika komanso mphamvu yayikulu. Poyerekeza ndi injini yamagetsi yamagetsi, chifukwa palibe maburashi, ma commutators ndi zida zina, palibe chomwe chikufunika kuti chiwonjezeke chokhazikika, kotero kuti stator yapano ndi kukana kutayika ndizocheperako, mphamvu zake ndizokwera, torque yosangalatsa ndiyokulirapo, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito. ndi bwino. Komabe, pali zovuta zina monga kukwera mtengo komanso zovuta poyambira. Chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowongolera ma motors, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito makina owongolera vekitala, maginito okhazikika a synchronous motors amatha kukwaniritsa kuwongolera liwiro, kuyankha mwachangu komanso kuwongolera koyenera kwambiri, kotero maginito okhazikika a synchronous motors adzakopa anthu ambiri kuti azichita. kufufuza kwakukulu.

5.Technical makhalidwe Anhui Mingteng okhazikika maginito synchronous galimoto

a. Injiniyo ili ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri komanso chinthu chapamwamba kwambiri pagulu lamagetsi. Palibe chowongolera mphamvu chomwe chimafunikira, ndipo mphamvu ya zida zocheperako zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira;

b. Galimoto ya maginito okhazikika imakondwera ndi maginito okhazikika ndipo imagwira ntchito mogwirizana. Palibe kuthamanga kwa liwiro, ndipo kukana kwa mapaipi sikuwonjezeka poyendetsa mafani ndi mapampu;

c. Galimoto yamaginito yokhazikika imatha kupangidwa ndi torque yayikulu (nthawi zopitilira 3) komanso kuchulukira kwakukulu ngati pakufunika, ndikuthana ndi zochitika za "kavalo wamkulu wokoka ngolo yaying'ono";

d. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi wamba ya asynchronous nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupifupi nthawi 0.5-0.7 yamagetsi ovotera. Mingteng okhazikika maginito synchronous galimoto safuna chisangalalo panopa. The zotakasika maginito galimoto okhazikika maginito ndi asynchronous galimoto ndi pafupifupi 50% osiyana, ndipo ntchito panopa pafupifupi 15% m'munsi kuposa injini asynchronous;

e. Galimotoyo imatha kupangidwa kuti iyambe mwachindunji, ndipo miyeso yoyika kunja ndi yofanana ndi yamagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakali pano, omwe amatha kulowa m'malo mwa ma asynchronous motors;

f. Kuwonjezera dalaivala kumatha kukwaniritsa zoyambira zofewa, kuyimitsidwa kofewa, komanso kuwongolera liwiro lopanda masitepe, ndikuyankha kwamphamvu komanso kupititsa patsogolo kupulumutsa mphamvu;

g. Galimotoyo ili ndi zida zambiri zam'mwamba, zomwe zimakwaniritsa mwachindunji zofunikira zamakina pamakina osiyanasiyana komanso pansi pamikhalidwe yovuta;

h. Pofuna kukonza magwiridwe antchito, kufupikitsa unyolo wotumizira, ndikuchepetsa mtengo wokonza, ma motors othamanga kwambiri komanso otsika molunjika atha kupangidwa ndikupangidwa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za ogwiritsa ntchito.

Anhui Mingteng Permanent-Magnetic Machinery&Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd.https://www.mingtengmotor.com/) idakhazikitsidwa mu 2007. Ndi bizinesi yapamwamba yomwe imagwira ntchito pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, kupanga ndi kugulitsa ma motors opitilira muyeso okhazikika a maginito synchronous. Kampaniyo imagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro amakono opanga ma mota, pulogalamu yamapangidwe aukadaulo ndi pulogalamu yodzipangira yokha maginito yamagetsi kuti itengere gawo lamagetsi, malo amadzimadzi, malo otentha, malo opsinjika, ndi zina zambiri zamagalimoto amagetsi okhazikika, kukhathamiritsa mawonekedwe amagetsi, kusintha. kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagalimoto, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti maginito okhazikika akugwiritsidwa ntchito.

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