Kukula kwa maginito okhazikika a maginito kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha zipangizo zokhazikika za maginito. China ndi dziko loyamba padziko lapansi kupeza maginito azinthu zamaginito okhazikika ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito. Zaka zoposa 2,000 zapitazo, China idagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya maginito ya zipangizo zokhazikika za maginito kupanga makampasi, omwe adathandiza kwambiri pamayendedwe, asilikali ndi madera ena, ndipo adakhala imodzi mwazinthu zinayi zazikulu zomwe zinapangidwa ku China.
Galimoto yoyamba padziko lapansi, yomwe idawonekera m'zaka za m'ma 1920, inali injini yamagetsi yokhazikika yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito okhazikika kupanga maginito osangalatsa. Komabe, maginito okhazikika omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawiyo anali maginito achilengedwe (Fe3O4), omwe anali ndi mphamvu zochepa kwambiri zamaginito. Galimoto yopangidwa ndi iyo inali yayikulu mukukula ndipo posakhalitsa idasinthidwa ndi injini yamagetsi yamagetsi.
Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha ma motors osiyanasiyana komanso kupangidwa kwa maginito amakono, anthu achita kafukufuku wozama pamakina, kapangidwe kake ndi ukadaulo wopanga zida zokhazikika zamaginito, ndipo motsatizana adapeza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhazikika zamaginito monga carbon chitsulo, tungsten. chitsulo (pazipita maginito mphamvu mankhwala pafupifupi 2.7 kJ/m3), ndi cobalt chitsulo (pazipita maginito mphamvu mankhwala pafupifupi 7.2 kJ/m3).
Makamaka, maonekedwe a aluminiyamu faifi tambala cobalt maginito okhazikika mu 1930s (pazipita maginito mphamvu mankhwala akhoza kufika 85 kJ/m3) ndi ferrite maginito okhazikika mu 1950s (pazipita maginito mphamvu mankhwala akhoza kufika 40 kJ/m3) zasintha kwambiri maginito katundu , ndi ma motors osiyanasiyana ang'onoang'ono ndi ang'onoang'ono ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito maginito okhazikika. Mphamvu yamagetsi okhazikika a maginito kuyambira ma milliwatts ochepa kufika makumi a kilowatts. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazankhondo, mafakitale ndi ulimi komanso moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo zotuluka zawo zakula kwambiri.
Momwemonso, panthawiyi, zopambana zapangidwa mu chiphunzitso cha mapangidwe, njira zowerengetsera, magnetization ndi teknoloji yopanga makina okhazikika a maginito, kupanga ndondomeko ya kusanthula ndi kufufuza njira zomwe zimayimiridwa ndi njira yachithunzi cha maginito okhazikika. Komabe, mphamvu yokakamiza ya AlNiCo maginito okhazikika ndi otsika (36-160 kA/m), ndi kachulukidwe maginito otsalira ferrite okhazikika maginito si mkulu (0.2-0.44 T), amene malire awo ntchito osiyanasiyana mu Motors.
Sizinafike mpaka zaka za m'ma 1960 ndi 1980 pomwe maginito osowa padziko lapansi a cobalt okhazikika ndi neodymium iron boron maginito osatha (omwe amatchulidwa kuti maginito osowa padziko lapansi) adatuluka. Makhalidwe awo abwino kwambiri a maginito amphamvu yotsalira ya maginito, mphamvu yokakamiza kwambiri, mphamvu ya maginito yamphamvu kwambiri ndi ma curve opindika opindika ndi oyenera kupanga ma motors, motero kupangitsa kukula kwa maginito okhazikika munyengo yatsopano ya mbiri.
1.Zinthu zokhazikika zamaginito
Zida za maginito zokhazikika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma motors zimaphatikizapo maginito a sintered ndi maginito omangika, mitundu yayikulu ndi aluminium nickel cobalt, ferrite, samarium cobalt, neodymium iron boron, etc.
Alnico: Alnico okhazikika maginito zakuthupi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zakale kwambiri ntchito okhazikika maginito zipangizo, ndi ndondomeko kukonzekera ndi luso ndi okhwima.
Ferrite Wamuyaya: M'zaka za m'ma 1950, ferrite inayamba kukula, makamaka m'zaka za m'ma 1970, pamene strontium ferrite yokhala ndi mphamvu yabwino komanso mphamvu ya maginito inayikidwa pakupanga mochuluka, kukulitsa mofulumira kugwiritsa ntchito ferrite yokhazikika. Monga zinthu zopanda zitsulo maginito, ferrite alibe kuipa kwa oxidation yosavuta, otsika Curie kutentha ndi kukwera mtengo wa zitsulo okhazikika maginito zipangizo, choncho ndi otchuka kwambiri.
Samarium cobalt: Chida chokhazikika cha maginito chokhala ndi maginito abwino kwambiri chomwe chinatuluka chapakati pa 1960s ndipo chimagwira ntchito mokhazikika. Samarium cobalt ndiyoyenera makamaka kupanga ma mota molingana ndi mphamvu zamaginito, koma chifukwa cha mtengo wake wapamwamba, imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakufufuza ndi chitukuko cha magalimoto ankhondo monga ndege, ndege, zida, ndi ma motors m'magawo apamwamba kwambiri komwe ntchito zapamwamba ndi mtengo sizinthu zazikulu.
NdFeB: NdFeB maginito zakuthupi ndi aloyi wa neodymium, okusayidi chitsulo, etc., amatchedwanso maginito zitsulo. Lili ndi mphamvu ya maginito kwambiri komanso mphamvu yokakamiza. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ubwino mkulu mphamvu kachulukidwe kupanga NdFeB okhazikika maginito zipangizo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makampani amakono ndi luso lamagetsi, kupanga kukhala kotheka kuti miniaturize, kuwalitsa ndi woonda zipangizo monga zida, Motors electroacoustic, kulekana maginito ndi magnetization. Chifukwa lili ndi neodymium yambiri ndi chitsulo, sivuta kuchita dzimbiri. Surface chemical passivation ndi imodzi mwamayankho abwino kwambiri pakadali pano.
Kukana kwa dzimbiri, kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri, magwiridwe antchito, mawonekedwe opindika a demagnetization,
ndi kuyerekeza kwamitengo ya zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse maginito amagetsi (Chithunzi)
2.Mphamvu ya maginito zitsulo mawonekedwe ndi kulolerana pa ntchito galimoto
1. Chikoka cha makulidwe achitsulo maginito
Pamene maginito amkati kapena akunja atsekedwa, kusiyana kwa mpweya kumachepa ndipo mphamvu ya maginito imawonjezeka pamene makulidwe akuwonjezeka. Chiwonetsero chodziwikiratu ndi chakuti liwiro lopanda katundu limachepa ndipo palibe katundu wamakono amachepetsa pansi pa maginito otsalira omwewo, ndipo mphamvu yaikulu ya galimotoyo imawonjezeka. Komabe, palinso zovuta, monga kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka kwa injini komanso kupindika kokwera kwambiri kwa mota. Chifukwa chake, makulidwe a chitsulo chamoto maginito ayenera kukhala ogwirizana momwe angathere kuti achepetse kugwedezeka.
2.Chikoka cha maginito zitsulo m'lifupi
Kwa maginito otalikirana ndi ma brushless motor, kusiyana kokwanira sikungapitirire 0.5 mm. Ngati ili yaying'ono, siiikidwa. Ngati ndi yayikulu kwambiri, mota imanjenjemera ndikuchepetsa mphamvu. Izi ndichifukwa choti malo a Hall element omwe amayesa malo a maginito samafanana ndi malo enieni a maginito, ndipo m'lifupi mwake kuyenera kukhala kofanana, apo ayi injiniyo imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso kugwedezeka kwakukulu.
Kwa ma motors opukutidwa, pali kusiyana kwina pakati pa maginito, omwe amasungidwa kumalo osinthira makina. Ngakhale pali kusiyana, opanga ambiri amakhala ndi njira zokhazikika zoyikira maginito kuti atsimikizire kuyika kwake kuti atsimikizire kuyika kolondola kwa maginito agalimoto. Ngati m'lifupi mwa maginito kuposa, izo si kuikidwa; ngati kukula kwa maginito kuli kochepa kwambiri, kumapangitsa kuti maginito asokonezeke, galimotoyo idzagwedezeka kwambiri, ndipo mphamvuyo idzachepetsedwa.
3.Chikoka cha maginito zitsulo chamfer kukula ndi sanali chamfer
Ngati chamfer sichinachitike, kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa mphamvu ya maginito m'mphepete mwa mphamvu ya maginito ya injini kumakhala kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injiniyo igwedezeke. Kuchuluka kwa chamfer, kugwedezeka kwazing'ono. Komabe, chamfering nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kutayika kwa maginito. Pazinthu zina, kutayika kwa maginito ndi 0.5 ~ 1.5% pamene chamfer ndi 0.8. Kwa ma motors opukutidwa okhala ndi maginito otsalira otsika, kuchepetsa kukula kwa chamfer moyenera kumathandizira kubweza maginito otsalira, koma kugunda kwa injini kumawonjezeka. Nthawi zambiri, maginito otsalira akakhala otsika, kulolerana kwautali kumatha kukulitsidwa moyenera, zomwe zimatha kukulitsa mphamvu ya maginito pamlingo wina ndikusunga magwiridwe antchito osasinthika.
3.Notes pa okhazikika maginito Motors
1. Maginito dera dongosolo ndi mawerengedwe kamangidwe
Kuti tithe kusewera kwathunthu kuzinthu zamaginito zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maginito okhazikika, makamaka maginito abwino kwambiri a maginito osowa padziko lapansi, ndikupanga maginito otsika mtengo okhazikika, sikutheka kungogwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kake ndi njira zowerengera maginito. ma motors okhazikika a maginito kapena ma electromagnetic excitation motors. Malingaliro atsopano apangidwe ayenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti awunikenso ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe a maginito. Ndi chitukuko chofulumira chaukadaulo wamakompyuta ndiukadaulo wamapulogalamu, komanso kuwongolera kosalekeza kwa njira zamakono zamapangidwe monga mawerengero a ma electromagnetic field manambala, kukhathamiritsa kapangidwe kake ndi ukadaulo wofananira, komanso kudzera m'kulimbikira kwamagulu ophunzirira zamagalimoto ndi uinjiniya, zopambana zachitika. zopangidwa mu chiphunzitso cha mapangidwe, njira zowerengera, njira zamapangidwe ndi matekinoloje owongolera a maginito okhazikika, kupanga gulu lathunthu la kusanthula ndi njira zofufuzira ndi kusanthula kothandizidwa ndi makompyuta ndi mapulogalamu opanga imaphatikizira kuwerengera kwa manambala a electromagnetic field ndi njira yofananira ndi maginito owerengera, ndipo ikukonzedwa mosalekeza.
2. Vuto losasinthika la demagnetization
Ngati mapangidwe kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kuli kosayenera, maginito okhazikika amatha kupanga demagnetization yosasinthika, kapena demagnetization, kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri (NdFeB maginito okhazikika) kapena otsika kwambiri (ferrite maginito okhazikika), pansi pa zomwe zidachitika chifukwa cha zomwe zikuchitika pano, kapena pansi pa kugwedezeka kwakukulu kwamakina, komwe kungachepetse magwiridwe antchito agalimoto ndipo ngakhale kuyipangitsa kuti isagwiritsidwe ntchito. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuphunzira ndikupanga njira ndi zida zoyenera opanga magalimoto kuti ayang'ane kukhazikika kwamafuta azinthu zamaginito okhazikika, ndikusanthula kuthekera kwa anti-demagnetization yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamapangidwe, kuti miyeso yofananira itengedwe panthawi yopanga ndi kupanga. kuonetsetsa kuti okhazikika maginito galimoto sataya maginito.
3.Nkhani za Mtengo
Popeza maginito osowa padziko lapansi akadali okwera mtengo, mtengo wa maginito osowa padziko lapansi nthawi zambiri ndi wokwera kuposa wamagetsi othamangitsa magetsi, omwe amafunika kulipidwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake komanso kusungidwa kwa ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Nthawi zina, monga ma coil motors pama drive a disk disk, kugwiritsa ntchito maginito okhazikika a NdFeB kumathandizira magwiridwe antchito, kumachepetsa kwambiri voliyumu ndi misa, komanso kumachepetsa ndalama zonse. Popanga, ndikofunikira kufananiza magwiridwe antchito ndi mtengo kutengera nthawi ndi zofunikira zogwiritsiridwa ntchito, ndikupanga njira zamapangidwe ndikuwongolera mapangidwe kuti achepetse ndalama.
Anhui Mingteng Permanent Magnet Electromechanical Equipment Co., Ltd.https://www.mingtengmotor.com/). The demagnetization mlingo wa okhazikika maginito galimoto maginito zitsulo zosaposa chikwi chimodzi pachaka.
The okhazikika maginito chuma cha okhazikika maginito galimoto rotor a kampani yathu utenga mkulu maginito mphamvu mankhwala ndi mkulu intrinsic coercivity sintered NdFeB, ndi sukulu ochiritsira ndi N38SH, N38UH, N40UH, N42UH, etc. Tengani N38SH, kalasi ambiri ntchito ya kampani yathu. , mwachitsanzo: 38- imayimira maginito amphamvu kwambiri a 38MGOe; SH imayimira kukana kutentha kwambiri kwa 150 ℃. UH imakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa 180 ℃. Kampaniyo yapanga zida zopangira zida ndi zowongolera zopangira maginito zitsulo, ndikuwunika bwino polarity ya chitsulo chosonkhanitsidwa ndi maginito ndi njira zololera, kuti chiwongolero cha maginito achitsulo chilichonse chikhale pafupi, chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti maginito amafanana. dera ndi khalidwe la msonkhano maginito zitsulo.
Ufulu: Nkhaniyi ndi yosindikizanso nambala yapagulu ya WeChat "motor wamasiku ano", ulalo woyambirira https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/zZn3UsYZeDwicEDwIdsbPg
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Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-30-2024