1.Kuyika kwa maginito okhazikika amagetsi ndi zinthu zoyendetsa makampani

Pali mitundu yambiri, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osinthika ndi makulidwe. Malinga ndi ntchito yamagalimoto, maginito okhazikika amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu itatu: ma jenereta okhazikika a maginito, ma motor maginito okhazikika, ndi masensa okhazikika a maginito. Mwa iwo, maginito okhazikika amagawika ma synchronous, DC, ndi stepper.

1) Yokhazikika maginito synchronous galimoto:

Mapangidwe a stator ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito zimagwirizana ndi zamagalimoto amtundu wa AC asynchronous. Chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake apamwamba komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, idakula mwachangu m'zaka zaposachedwa, pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa ma mota amtundu wa AC asynchronous, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, zida zamakina, kusindikiza, nsalu, zamankhwala ndi zina.

2) Yokhazikika maginito DC galimoto:

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi kapangidwe kake ndizofanana ndi zamagalimoto amtundu wa DC. Kutengera njira zosiyanasiyana zosinthira, zitha kugawidwa kukhala brushed (mechanical commutation) ndi brushless (electronic commutation). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi, zida zamagetsi, zida zapakhomo ndi zina.

3) Yokhazikika maginito stepper galimoto:

Imagwiritsa ntchito kuyanjana pakati pa maginito opangidwa ndi maginito okhazikika ndi maginito ozungulira omwe amapangidwa ndi stator kuti akwaniritse kuyenda bwino. Ili ndi ubwino wolondola kwambiri, kuthamanga kwachangu, ndi kupulumutsa mphamvu, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zolondola, mizere yopangira makina, zipangizo zamankhwala ndi zina.

1.1 Zinthu zoyendetsera galimoto

1.1.1 Mbali yazinthu

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito maginito okhazikika ndi yosavuta, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa injini kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Ponseponse, ma mota amtundu wamagetsi amafunikira kudalira mphamvu yakunja kuti apange mphamvu yamagetsi ya jenereta, kupereka mphamvu zoyambira, kenako kudalira mphamvu zawo zotulutsa kuti zigwire ntchito. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya maginito okhazikika ndi yosavuta, ndipo mphamvu ya maginito imangofunika kuperekedwa ndi maginito okhazikika.

Poyerekeza ndi ma mota achikhalidwe, ubwino wa injini zokhazikika za maginito zimawonekera makamaka mu: ① kuchepa kwa stator; ② palibe rotor mkuwa imfa; ③ palibe rotor chitsulo imfa; ④ mphepo yamkuntho yotsika. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti chigawo chachikulu cha okhazikika maginito Motors ndi kuti zitsulo maginito si kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha mosalekeza. Kuti mupewe vuto lomwe magwiridwe antchito amachepetsedwa kapena kuchotsedwa chifukwa cha demagnetization, kutentha kwagalimoto kumafunika kuwongoleredwa moyenera.

Mphamvu yopulumutsa mphamvu ndi yofunika kwambiri ndipo ntchito yonseyo imakhala yabwino. Pansipa, timasanthula magwiridwe antchito posiyanitsa mitundu yamagalimoto ndi zida zopangira ma mota:

1) Ponena za mitundu yamagalimoto

tinasankha maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors kuti afananize ndi ma motors ena azikhalidwe, omwe amasinthira ma motors osafuna, ma synchronous relucance motors, ndi maginito okhazikika onse ndi ma motors ofanana. Kuphatikizidwa ndi zizindikiro, popeza maginito okhazikika amagetsi safuna maburashi ndi mafunde osangalatsa, ali ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso mphamvu zambiri kuposa ma motors achikhalidwe. Pankhani yakuchulukirachulukira, kupatula ma motors a DC, omwe ndi otsika, mitundu inayo siyosiyana kwambiri. Kuchita bwino komanso mphamvu zamagalimoto amagetsi okhazikika ndizochita zotsogola kwambiri, ndikuchita bwino kwa 85-97%. Ngakhale ma motors ang'onoang'ono amatha kufikira kupitilira 80%, ma mota amagetsi okhazikika amakhala ndi zabwino zoonekeratu poyerekeza ndi mphamvu ya 40-60% yama motors asynchronous. Pankhani ya mphamvu yamagetsi, imatha kufika kupitirira 0,95, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti gawo la gawo logwira ntchito lamagetsi amagetsi okhazikika pakali pano ndi lalikulu kuposa la mitundu ina, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndikokwera.

2)Malinga ndi zopangira za injini

Malinga ndi mphamvu ya maginito ndi gawo lachitukuko cha zida zokhazikika za maginito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mota, maginito okhazikika amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: chitsulo, ferrite, ndi dziko losowa. Pakati pawo, ma ferrite ndi osowa padziko lapansi maginito okhazikika amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Poyerekeza ndi ma mota achikhalidwe, ma motors osowa padziko lapansi osatha ali ndi mawonekedwe osavuta komanso kulephera kochepa. Kugwiritsa ntchito maginito osowa padziko lapansi kumatha kukulitsa kachulukidwe ka maginito a mpweya, kukulitsa liwiro lagalimoto mpaka bwino kwambiri, ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi kulemera. Malo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi otakata. Choyipa chokha cha maginito okhazikika amagetsi ndi mtengo wawo wokwera. Kutengera mtengo wa magineti osowa padziko lapansi monga mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri ndi wokwera kuwirikiza 2.5 kuposa wa mota zachikhalidwe.

1.1.2 Mbali ya ndondomeko

Ndondomeko zimagwiranso ntchito yofunikira pakulimbikitsa chitukuko cha maginito okhazikika.

1) Makampani opanga maginito okhazikika akukumana ndi chitukuko chofulumira motsogozedwa ndi mfundo.

Monga maziko oyambira a maginito okhazikika, kuwongolera kwaukadaulo komanso kutchuka kwa maginito okhazikika kumakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha maginito okhazikika. M'zaka zaposachedwa, boma lachitapo kanthu pokhudzana ndi chithandizo chamakampani, kulimbikitsira mfundo komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwanthawi zonse kuti alimbikitse kufalikira kwa zida za maginito okhazikika ndikulimbikitsa kukula ndi kukulitsa kwa maginito okhazikika.

2) Limbikitsani kuthekera kwakukula pansi pakufunika kosunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa umuna.

Chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa China pakusunga mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, kutukuka kwabwino kwa ma mota amagetsi okhazikika kwadzetsa mwayi wokulirapo. Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwa muyezo watsopano wadziko mu 2020, China sichipanganso ma motors pansi pa muyezo wapadziko lonse wa IE3, ndikukakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zogwira mtima kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, "Energy Efficiency Improvement Plan" yomwe idatulutsidwa mu 2021 ndi 2022 idati mu 2023, kutulutsa kwapachaka kwamagetsi opulumutsa mphamvu kudzakhala ma kilowatts 170 miliyoni, komanso kuchuluka kwa ma motors opulumutsa mphamvu kwambiri pantchito. kuchuluka kwa 20%; mu 2025, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto atsopano opulumutsa mphamvu kupitilira 70%. Kuwerengeredwa pa chiŵerengero cha 1 kilowatt-ola: 0,33 kilogalamu, ndi lofanana kupulumutsa 15 miliyoni matani malasha muyezo ndi kuchepetsa mpweya woipa ndi matani 28 miliyoni pachaka, amene akuyembekezeka kuyendetsa okhazikika maginito Motors mu nthawi ya kukula mofulumira. .

2.Analysis wa Permanent Maginito Njinga Makampani unyolo

Kuyang'ana kumtunda kwa unyolo wonse wamakampani, tiwona kuti zida zazikulu zopangira zopangira maginito okhazikika zimaphatikizanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamaginito (monga maginito a neodymium iron boron, ferrites okhazikika maginito, samarium cobalt, aluminium faifi tambala cobalt, etc. . ), mkuwa, zitsulo, zipangizo zotetezera ndi aluminiyamu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi maginito ndi maziko opangira maginito amphamvu kwambiri okhazikika. Pakuti kunsi kwa okhazikika maginito makampani galimoto, ndi makamaka zosiyanasiyana mapeto ntchito minda, kuphatikizapo mphamvu mphepo, magalimoto mphamvu zatsopano, Azamlengalenga, mafakitale nsalu, mankhwala madzi, etc. Ndi kukulitsa mosalekeza wa kunsi kwa mtsinje kupanga makampani, kukula kufunika. mumsika wogwiritsa ntchito ma terminal akuyembekezeka kupititsa patsogolo kupanga kwakukulu kwa maginito okhazikika.

2.1 Kumtunda: Zida zamaginito zapamwamba zimathandizira pamtengo, zomwe zimapitilira 25%

Zipangizo zimapitilira theka la ndalama zonse, zomwe maginito amatenga gawo lalikulu pakuchita bwino kwagalimoto. The kumtunda zopangira za okhazikika maginito Motors makamaka zipangizo maginito (monga neodymium iron boron maginito, okhazikika maginito ferrites, samarium cobalt, zotayidwa faifi tambala cobalt, etc.), mapepala silicon zitsulo, mkuwa, zitsulo, zotayidwa, etc. Magnetic zipangizo, mapepala achitsulo a silicon ndi mkuwa ndiye mbali yaikulu ya mtengo wamtengo wapatali, womwe umawerengera ndalama zoposa 50%. Ngakhale malingana ndi mtengo wa ma mota achikhalidwe, kugula koyambirira, kuyika ndi kukonza kwagalimoto kumangotengera 2.70% ya moyo wonse wagalimoto, chifukwa cha zinthu monga mitengo yamitengo, mpikisano komanso kutchuka kwa msika, opanga magalimoto. kulabadira kwambiri zipangizo.

1) Zida zamaginito:Maginito osowa padziko lapansi ali ndi maginito abwino kwambiri ndipo ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Maginito a NdFeB ndi cobalt ndizofunikira kwambiri padziko lapansi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zokhazikika zamaginito. Chifukwa cha nkhokwe zapadziko lapansi zomwe sizipezeka ku China, kupanga kwa NdFeB kumakhala pafupifupi 90% ya dziko lonse lapansi. Kuyambira 2008, China okhazikika maginito galimoto kupanga wakwera mofulumira, pang'onopang'ono kukhala padziko lonse sewerolo, ndi kufunika NdFeB zopangira wawirikiza pakati 2008 ndi 2020. zovuta, kotero mtengo wa maginito okhazikika a maginito ndi apamwamba kuposa magalimoto achikhalidwe. Zipangizo zamaginito nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupifupi 30% ya mtengo wonse.

2) Silicon zitsulo pepala:Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga gawo loyambira la injini yamagetsi yokhazikika. Chifukwa cha ndondomeko yovuta yokonzekera, mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri. Chitsulo chachitsulo cha silicon chimakhala pafupifupi 20% ya mtengo wonse.

3) Mkuwa:Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zopangira ma mota amagetsi okhazikika, omwe amawerengera pafupifupi 15% yamtengo wonse.

4) Chitsulo:Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapangidwe ndi zipolopolo zamakina okhazikika amagetsi, zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi 10% yamtengo wonse.

5) Aluminium:Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zoyatsira kutentha, zophimba kumapeto ndi zida zina zoziziritsira kutentha.

6) Zida zopangira ndi mtengo wa zida:kuwerengera pafupifupi 15% ya ndalama zonse.

2.2 Kutsika: Magawo angapo akukonzekera kuyesetsa, ndipo kuthekera kwakukulu pamakampani akudikirira kuti agwire.

Ma motor maginito osatha tsopano agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana komanso m'mafakitale angapo. Pakalipano, maginito okhazikika amalowa bwino m'magalimoto, zida zapakhomo, zopangira mafakitale ndi mafakitale ena, zomwe zikuthandizira kwambiri pakupanga zamakono komanso kukula kwa msika. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kufunikira kwake pakukula kwachuma, mafakitale monga petrochemicals, mafuta ndi gasi, zitsulo, ndi magetsi ayambanso kugwiritsa ntchito pang'onopang'ono maginito okhazikika. M'tsogolomu, momwe machitidwe amakampani amayang'ana kwambiri pazanzeru, zodziwikiratu, komanso kusunga mphamvu, kugwiritsa ntchito ma motors okhazikika m'magawo osiyanasiyana akumunsi kudzakhala ndi kuthekera kwakukulu ndikupitilizabe kukula mwachangu.

3.Permanent Maginito Njinga Market Analysis

3.1 Za kupezeka ndi kufuna

Moyendetsedwa ndi chitukuko cha mphamvu zatsopano, zofuna zikukula mofulumira. Opanga magineti osowa padziko lapansi aku China amagawidwa makamaka ku East China ndi South China, omwe ali ndi chuma chosowa padziko lapansi ndipo ali ndi maziko olimba a mafakitale. Pali kufunikira kwakukulu kwa maginito okhazikika a maginito, omwe amathandizira kupanga unyolo wathunthu wamafakitale. Kuchokera ku 2015 mpaka 2021, dziko la China losowa padziko lapansi lokhazikika la maginito linanena bungwe linakula kuchokera ku 768 miliyoni kufika ku mayunitsi 1.525 biliyoni, ndi kukula kwapachaka kwa 12.11%, kupitirira kwambiri kukula kwa ma micromotors (ma injini okhala ndi m'mimba mwake osachepera 160mm kapena mphamvu yovotera yochepera 750mW) ya 3.94%.

Chifukwa cha kukula kwachangu kwa gawo la mphamvu zatsopano, kufunikira kwa maginito okhazikika a maginito m'madera akumunsi monga magetsi a mphepo ndi magalimoto amagetsi akuwonjezeka mofulumira m'zaka zaposachedwa. Mu 2021 ndi 2022, kufunikira kwa China kwa magineti osowa padziko lapansi kudzakhala mayunitsi 1.193 biliyoni ndi mayunitsi 1.283 biliyoni, motsatana, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 7.54%.

3.2 Za Kukula Kwa Msika

Msika wokhazikika wamagetsi aku China ukuwonetsa kukula kwakukulu, ndipo kukwezedwa kwa minda yakumunsi kwalimbikitsa msika. M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wamaginito wamagetsi wakhala ukukula mosasunthika ndikuwonetsa chitukuko chabwino. Mu 2022, kukula kwa msika kudafikira US $ 48.58 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 7.96%. Akuti pofika chaka cha 2027, msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wamagetsi okhazikika udzafika $ 71.22 biliyoni, ndikukula kwapachaka kwa 7.95%. Motsogozedwa ndi minda yakumunsi monga magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, ma air conditioners osinthasintha, ndi mphamvu yamphepo, msika waku China wokhazikika wama magnet motor ukuwonetsa kukula mwachangu. Pakadali pano, zinthu zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zambiri za 25-100KW zimalamulira msika.

Msika ukukulirakulirabe, ndipo China ikutsogolera chitukuko cha makampaniwa. Ndikusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a maginito okhazikika komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wamagalimoto, msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wamagetsi okhazikika uzikhalabe wokhazikika. China ipitilizabe kusunga utsogoleri wake wamsika. M'tsogolomu, kuphatikiza kwa mtsinje wa Yangtze Delta, chitukuko cha dera lakumadzulo, kukweza kwa mowa, ndi kukwezedwa kwa mfundo zidzapereka chilimbikitso champhamvu pakugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa maginito okhazikika pamsika wa China.

4.Global Mpikisano Malo a Permanent Magnet Motors

Pakukula kwa maginito okhazikika padziko lonse lapansi, China, Germany ndi Japan akhala otsogola pamakina apamwamba, olondola komanso opanga maginito okhazikika omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri zopanga komanso matekinoloje ofunikira.

China yakhala maziko ofunikira pamakampani opanga maginito padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mpikisano wake ukukulirakulira.

Pankhani ya masanjidwe am'madera, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan ndi Anhui akhala maziko ofunikira pamakampani opanga maginito aku China, omwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika.

M'tsogolomu, makampani opanga magalimoto okhazikika padziko lonse lapansi adzayambitsa mpikisano wokulirapo, ndipo China, monga msika wosunthika komanso wothekera padziko lonse lapansi, itenga gawo lofunikira pakuchita izi.

5.Introduction to Anhui Mingteng Permanent Magnet Motor

Anhui Mingteng Permanent-Magnetic Machinery&Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd.https://www.mingtengmotor.com/) idakhazikitsidwa pa Okutobala 18, 2007 ndi likulu lolembetsedwa la RMB 144 miliyoni. Ili ku Shuangfeng Economic Development Zone, Hefei City, Province la Anhui. Ndi bizinesi yamakono yamakono yophatikiza kufufuza ndi chitukuko cha maginito okhazikika, kupanga, malonda ndi ntchito.

Kampaniyo nthawi zonse imayang'ana kwambiri kafukufuku wazinthu ndi chitukuko. Ili ndi gulu losatha la akatswiri ofufuza ndi chitukuko cha anthu opitilira 40 ndipo yakhazikitsa ubale wamgwirizano wanthawi yayitali ndi mayunivesite, mabungwe ofufuza ndi mabizinesi akuluakulu aboma. Gulu la R&D litengera chiphunzitso chamakono cha kapangidwe ka mota ndiukadaulo wapamwamba wamapangidwe amoto. Pambuyo pazaka zopitilira 10 zaumisiri, yapanga pafupifupi 2,000 ma injini okhazikika a maginito monga wamba, ma frequency osinthika, umboni wa kuphulika, umboni wa kuphulika kwafupipafupi, kuyendetsa molunjika, ndi mndandanda wamagalimoto otsimikizira kuphulika. Imamvetsetsa bwino zaukadaulo wa zida zosiyanasiyana zamagalimoto m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana ndipo yadziwa zambiri zamapangidwe, kupanga, kuyesa, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito deta.

Magalimoto amphamvu amagetsi okhazikika a Mingteng agwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pa katundu wambiri monga mafani, mapampu amadzi, zotengera lamba, mphero za mpira, zosakaniza, zopukutira, zopukuta, mapampu amafuta, makina opota, ndi zina zambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana monga migodi, zitsulo. , ndi magetsi, kupeza zotsatira zabwino zopulumutsa mphamvu ndikupeza kutamandidwa kwakukulu.

Mingteng nthawi zonse amaumirira pazatsopano zodziyimira pawokha, kutsatira mfundo zamakampani za "zogulitsa zapamwamba, kasamalidwe ka kalasi yoyamba, mautumiki apamwamba, ndi mtundu wamtundu woyamba", kukonza maginito anzeru okhazikika amagetsi opulumutsa mphamvu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. , Kumanga makina okhazikika a maginito R&D ndi gulu logwiritsa ntchito luso lokhala ndi chikoka cha China, ndikuyesetsa kukhala mtsogoleri ndi setter wamba mumakampani aku China osowa padziko lapansi okhazikika amagetsi amagetsi.

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