I. Cholinga ndi tanthauzo la kuyeza kolumikizana kolumikizana
(1) Cholinga Choyezera Ma Parameters a Synchronous Inductance (ie Cross-axis Inductance)
Magawo a AC ndi DC inductance ndi magawo awiri ofunika kwambiri mu injini yokhazikika ya maginito. Kupeza kwawo kolondola ndiye chofunikira komanso maziko owerengera zamagalimoto, kayesedwe kamphamvu komanso kuwongolera liwiro. Ma synchronous inductance amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera zinthu zambiri zokhazikika monga mphamvu, mphamvu, torque, zida zamakono, mphamvu ndi zina. Muulamuliro wamagetsi okhazikika a maginito ogwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera vekitala, magawo a synchronous inductor amakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi ma aligorivimu owongolera, ndipo zotsatira za kafukufuku zikuwonetsa kuti m'dera lofooka la maginito, kusalondola kwa magawo agalimoto kumatha kupangitsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa torque ndi mphamvu. Izi zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa magawo a synchronous inductor.
(2) Mavuto oti adziwike pakuyezera kulowetsedwa kwa synchronous
Kuti mupeze kachulukidwe kamphamvu kwambiri, kapangidwe ka maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuti akhale ovuta kwambiri, ndipo maginito amagetsi agalimoto amakhala odzaza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma synchronous inductance parameter amasiyana ndi machulukitsidwe a maginito. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, magawowo asintha ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito motere, kwathunthu ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito ma synchronous inductance parameters sangathe kuwonetsa bwino momwe magawo amayendera. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyeza mitengo ya inductance pansi pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito.
2.permanent maginito galimoto synchronous inductance kuyeza njira
Pepalali limasonkhanitsa njira zosiyanasiyana zoyezera ma synchronous inductance ndikuyerekeza ndi kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane. Njirazi zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu: kuyesa kwachindunji komanso kuyesa kosakhazikika. Kuyesa kosasunthika kumagawidwanso kukhala kuyesa kwa AC static ndi kuyesa kwa DC static. Lero, gawo loyamba la "Synchronous Inductor Test Methods" lifotokoza njira yoyezera katundu.
Literature [1] imayambitsa mfundo ya njira yolemetsa molunjika. Ma mota a maginito osatha nthawi zambiri amatha kuwunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso chapawiri kuti afufuze momwe akunyamula katundu wawo, ndipo mawonekedwe a gawo la jenereta ndi ntchito yamagalimoto akuwonetsedwa pazithunzi 1 pansipa. Mphamvu ya mphamvu θ ya jenereta ndi yabwino ndi E0 yoposa U, mphamvu ya mphamvu φ ndi yabwino ndi I yoposa U, ndipo mphamvu ya mkati mwa mphamvu ψ imakhala yabwino ndi E0 yoposa I. Mphamvu ya mphamvu θ ya injini ndi yabwino ndi U yoposa E0, mphamvu ya mphamvu φ ndi yabwino ndi U yoposa I, ndipo mphamvu yamkati yamkati yomwe ndimadutsa ψ0 ndi yabwino.
Mkuyu. 1 Gawo chithunzi cha okhazikika maginito synchronous galimoto ntchito
(a) Boma la jenereta (b) State Motor
Malinga ndi gawo ili chithunzi angapezeke: pamene okhazikika maginito galimoto katundu ntchito, anayeza palibe katundu excitation electromotive mphamvu E0, armature terminal voteji U, panopa I, mphamvu factor ngodya φ ndi mphamvu ngodya θ ndi zina zotero, angapezeke armature panopa wa olamulira mowongoka, mtanda-olamulira chigawo Id = Isin (θ - φφφφ) ndi XΆ ΆΆφφ ΆΆΆΆ = XΆΆΆΆΆΆ = XΆΆΆΆΆΆ = XΆΆΆΆΆ = Iq = equation ili:
Pamene jenereta ikugwira ntchito:
Xd=[E0-Ucosθ-IR1cos(θ-φ)]/Id (1)
Xq=[Usinθ+IR1sin(θ-φ)]/Iq (2)
Pamene injini ikuyenda:
Xd=[E0-Ucosθ+IR1cos(θ-φ)]/Id (3)
Xq=[Usinθ-IR1sin(θ-φ)]/Iq (4)
Magawo okhazikika a maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors amasintha momwe magwiridwe antchito amasinthira, ndipo zida zikasintha, Xd ndi Xq zimasintha. Chifukwa chake, pozindikira magawo, onetsetsani kuti mukuwonetsanso momwe magalimoto amagwirira ntchito. (Kuchuluka kwa ma alternating and direct shaft current or stator current and internal power factor angle angle)
Chovuta chachikulu pakuyesa magawo ophatikizika ndi njira yolemetsa yolunjika ndi muyeso wa ngodya ya mphamvu θ. Monga tikudziwira, ndiye kusiyana kwa gawo pakati pa voteji yamoto U ndi mphamvu ya electromotive yosangalatsa. Pamene galimoto ikuyenda mokhazikika, magetsi omalizira amatha kupezedwa mwachindunji, koma E0 sangathe kupezedwa mwachindunji, kotero angapezeke mwa njira yosalunjika kuti apeze chizindikiro cha nthawi ndi nthawi yofanana ndi E0 ndi kusiyana kosiyana kwa gawo kuti alowe m'malo mwa E0 kuti apange gawo loyerekeza ndi magetsi otsiriza.
Njira zachikhalidwe zosalunjika ndi:
1) mu gawo la zida zamoto zomwe zimayesedwa phula ndi koyilo yoyambirira yagalimoto yokhotakhota kangapo wa waya wabwino ngati koyilo yoyezera, kuti mupeze gawo lomwelo ndi mafunde agalimoto pansi pa chizindikiro chofananira voteji, kudzera mu kufananiza kwa ngodya yamphamvu yamagetsi ingapezeke.
2) Ikani motor synchronous pa shaft ya injini yoyesedwa yomwe ili yofanana ndi mota yomwe ikuyesedwa. Njira yoyezera gawo lamagetsi [2], yomwe ifotokozedwa pansipa, imachokera pa mfundo iyi. Chithunzi cholumikizira choyesera chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2. TSM ndi maginito okhazikika a synchronous motor poyesedwa, ASM ndi injini yofananira yofananira yomwe ikufunikanso, PM ndiye woyendetsa wamkulu, yemwe amatha kukhala motor synchronous kapena DC motor, B ndiye brake, ndipo DBO ndi wapawiri mtengo oscilloscope ndi CSM yolumikizidwa ndi gawo la TSM. oscilloscope. TSM ikalumikizidwa ndi magetsi a magawo atatu, oscilloscope imalandira zizindikiro za VTSM ndi E0ASM. chifukwa ma motors awiriwa ndi ofanana ndipo amayenda molumikizana, kubweza kwa TSM ya tester komanso kusanyamula katundu kwa ASM, komwe kumakhala ngati jenereta, E0ASM, kuli mu gawo. Choncho, mphamvu ya ngodya θ, mwachitsanzo, kusiyana kwa gawo pakati pa VTSM ndi E0ASM kungayesedwe.
Chithunzi cha 2 Chojambula choyesera mawaya choyezera ngodya ya mphamvu
Njirayi siigwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, makamaka chifukwa: ① mu shaft ya rotor mumayika mota yaing'ono yolumikizirana kapena thiransifoma yomwe imafunika kuyeza mota ili ndi mathero awiri otambasulidwa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuchita. ② Kulondola kwa kuyeza kwa ngodya ya mphamvu kumadalira makamaka zomwe zili mu VTSM ndi E0ASM, ndipo ngati zomwe zili ndi harmonic ndizochuluka, kulondola kwa kuyeza kudzachepetsedwa.
3) Kuti muwongolere kulondola kwa mayeso a ngodya yamagetsi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri masensa am'malo kuti muzindikire chizindikiro cha rotor, ndiyeno kufananiza ndi njira yomaliza yamagetsi.
Mfundo yofunikira ndikuyika chimbale chowoneka kapena chowonekera pamtengo wa injini yoyezera maginito okhazikika, kuchuluka kwa mabowo omwe amagawidwa mofanana pa disk kapena zolembera zakuda ndi zoyera komanso kuchuluka kwa mapeya amitengo yamagalimoto ofananirako poyesedwa. Diskiyo ikatembenuza kusintha kumodzi ndi mota, sensor ya photoelectric imalandira ma siginecha a p rotor ndikupanga p low voltage pulses. Pamene galimoto ikugwira ntchito synchronously, mafupipafupi a chizindikiro ichi cha rotor ndi ofanana ndi mafupipafupi a magetsi oyendetsa zida, ndipo gawo lake likuwonetsera gawo la mphamvu ya electromotive. Chizindikiro cha pulse synchronization chimakulitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe, gawo losunthika komanso voteji yoyeserera yamagetsi kuti mufananize gawo kuti mutenge kusiyana. Ikani pamene galimoto palibe katundu ntchito, kusiyana gawo ndi θ1 (pafupifupi kuti pa nthawi imeneyi mphamvu ngodya θ = 0), pamene katundu akuthamanga, kusiyana gawo ndi θ2, ndiye kusiyana gawo θ2 - θ1 ndi kuyeza okhazikika maginito synchronous galimoto katundu mphamvu ngodya phindu. Chithunzi chojambula chikuwonetsedwa pazithunzi 3.
Chithunzi cha 3 Chojambula chamiyeso ya ngodya ya mphamvu
Monga mu photoelectric litayamba uniformly TACHIMATA ndi wakuda ndi woyera chizindikiro n'zovuta, ndipo pamene anayeza okhazikika maginito synchronous galimoto mizati pa nthawi yolemba litayamba sangathe wamba ndi mzake. Kuphweka, akhoza kuyesedwa mu okhazikika maginito galimoto pagalimoto kutsinde wokutidwa mu bwalo la tepi wakuda wokutidwa ndi chizindikiro choyera, chonyezimira photoelectric sensa gwero kuwala limatulutsa ndi kuwala anasonkhana bwalo pamwamba pa tepi. Mwanjira imeneyi, kutembenukira kulikonse kwa galimoto, kachipangizo photoelectric mu transistor photosensitive chifukwa cholandira kuwala anasonyeza ndi conduction kamodzi, chifukwa mu magetsi zimachitika chizindikiro, pambuyo matalikidwe ndi kuumba kupeza kufananitsa chizindikiro E1. kuchokera mayeso galimoto zida zomangira mapeto a voteji iliyonse awiri gawo voteji, ndi voteji thiransifoma PT mpaka otsika voteji, anatumiza kwa voteji comparator, mapangidwe woimira amakona anayi gawo la voteji zimachitika chizindikiro U1. U1 ndi ma frequency a p-division, kufananitsa kwagawo kuti tifananize pakati pa gawo ndi wofananira gawo. U1 ndi ma frequency a p-division, ndi wofananizira gawo kuti afananize kusiyana kwake kwagawo ndi chizindikiro.
Kuperewera kwa njira yoyezera mphamvu yomwe ili pamwambayi ndikuti kusiyana pakati pa miyeso iwiriyi kuyenera kupangidwa kuti mupeze ngodya ya mphamvu. Pofuna kupewa kuchuluka kwa zinthu ziwiri zomwe zachotsedwa ndikuchepetsa kulondola, muyeso wa kusiyana kwa gawo la katundu θ2, kusintha kwa chizindikiro cha U2, kusiyana kwa gawoli ndi θ2'=180 ° - θ2, mphamvu yowonjezera θ=180 ° - (θ1 + θ2'), yomwe imatembenuza magawo awiriwo kuchoka ku magawo awiriwo. Chithunzi cha kuchuluka kwa gawo chikuwonetsedwa mkuyu 4.
Chithunzi 4 Mfundo ya njira yowonjezera gawo powerengera kusiyana kwa gawo
njira ina bwino sagwiritsa ntchito voteji amakona anayi waveform chizindikiro pafupipafupi magawano, koma ntchito microcomputer kuti imodzi kulemba chizindikiro waveform, motero, kudzera athandizira mawonekedwe, kulemba palibe katundu voteji ndi rotor udindo chizindikiro waveforms U0, E0, komanso katundu voteji ndi rotor udindo amakona anayi waveform chizindikiro U1, E1, ndiyeno kusuntha ena awiri voteji wachibale wa waveforms wina aliyense rectangle. ma waveform zizindikiro zimadutsana kwathunthu, pamene kusiyana kwa gawo pakati pa rotor iwiri Kusiyana kwa gawo pakati pa zizindikiro ziwiri za rotor ndi mphamvu ya mphamvu; kapena sunthani mawonekedwe a ma waveform pamitundu iwiri ya ma rotor pomwe amafanana, ndiye kusiyana kwa magawo pakati pa ma siginecha awiriwa ndi mphamvu.
Tisaiwale kuti kwenikweni palibe katundu ntchito ya okhazikika maginito synchronous galimoto, mphamvu ngodya si ziro, makamaka Motors ang'onoang'ono, chifukwa palibe katundu ntchito palibe katundu imfa (kuphatikizapo stator mkuwa imfa, chitsulo imfa, makina imfa, kutayika kutayika) ndi lalikulu, ngati mukuganiza kuti palibe katundu mphamvu ngodya ya ziro, izo zingachititse kuti muyeso wa mphamvu kwambiri pa ngodya yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya galimoto. Chiwongolero chagalimoto, mayendedwe a chiwongolero ndi chiwongolero chagalimoto choyendera mosasinthasintha, chiwongolero cha mota ya DC, mota ya DC imatha kuthamanga pamalo omwewo, ndipo mota ya DC imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mota yoyesera. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti mota ya DC iyende m'boma la mota, chiwongolero ndi chiwongolero chagalimoto choyendera kuti chigwirizane ndi mota ya DC kuti ipereke kutayika konse kwa shaft yamoto yoyeserera (kuphatikiza kutayika kwachitsulo, kutayika kwa makina, kutayika kosokera, ndi zina). Njira yoweruzira ndiyoti mphamvu yolowera injini yoyeserera ndiyofanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa wa stator, ndiye kuti, P1 = pCu, ndi voliyumu komanso pakali pano. Nthawi ino kuyeza θ1 kumagwirizana ndi ngodya ya mphamvu ya ziro.
Mwachidule: ubwino wa njirayi:
① Njira yolemetsa yachindunji imatha kuyeza kukhazikika kwachulukidwe kokhazikika pansi pazigawo zosiyanasiyana zolemetsa, ndipo sikufuna njira yowongolera, yomwe ndi yachidziwitso komanso yosavuta.
Chifukwa muyeso umapangidwa mwachindunji pansi pa katundu, mphamvu ya machulukitsidwe ndi mphamvu ya demagnetization panopa pa magawo inductance akhoza kuganiziridwa.
Kuipa kwa njirayi:
① Njira yachindunji yonyamula katundu imayenera kuyeza zochulukira nthawi imodzi (voltage ya magawo atatu, magawo atatu apano, ngodya yamphamvu, ndi zina), kuyeza kwa ngodya yamphamvu kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, ndipo kulondola kwa mayeso amtundu uliwonse kumakhudza mwachindunji kulondola kwa mawerengedwe a parameter, ndipo mitundu yonse ya zolakwika ndizosavuta kuyeserera. Choncho, pogwiritsira ntchito njira yolemetsa yolunjika kuti muyese magawo, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa pakuwunika zolakwika, ndikusankha kulondola kwapamwamba kwa chida choyesera.
② Kufunika kwa mphamvu ya electromotive mphamvu E0 munjira yoyezerayi imasinthidwa mwachindunji ndi magetsi oyendetsa galimoto popanda katundu, ndipo kuyerekezera uku kumabweretsanso zolakwika. Chifukwa, opareshoni mfundo ya okhazikika maginito kusintha ndi katundu, kutanthauza kuti osiyana mafunde stator, ndi permeability ndi flux kachulukidwe wa maginito okhazikika ndi osiyana, kotero chifukwa excitation electromotive mphamvu ndi osiyana. Mwanjira imeneyi, si zolondola kwambiri m'malo excitation electromotive mphamvu pansi katundu chikhalidwe ndi excitation electromotive mphamvu popanda katundu.
Maumboni
[1] Tang Renyuan et al. Malingaliro amakono okhazikika a maginito agalimoto ndi kapangidwe kake. Beijing: Machinery Industry Press. March 2011
[2] JF Gieras, M. Mapiko. Permanent Magnet Motor Technology, Design and Applications,2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2002:170-171
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