I. Cholinga ndi tanthauzo la kuyeza kolumikizana kolumikizana
(1) Cholinga Choyezera Ma Parameters a Synchronous Inductance (ie Cross-axis Inductance)
Magawo a AC ndi DC inductance ndi magawo awiri ofunika kwambiri mu injini yokhazikika ya maginito. Kupeza kwawo kolondola ndiye chofunikira komanso maziko owerengera zamagalimoto, kayesedwe kamphamvu komanso kuwongolera liwiro. Ma synchronous inductance amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera zinthu zambiri zokhazikika monga mphamvu, mphamvu, torque, zida zamakono, mphamvu ndi zina. Mu dongosolo lolamulira la maginito okhazikika ogwiritsira ntchito ma vector control, ma synchronous inductor parameters amakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi ma aligorivimu owongolera, ndipo zotsatira za kafukufuku zikuwonetsa kuti mdera lofooka la maginito, kusalondola kwa magawo agalimoto kumatha kupangitsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa torque. ndi mphamvu. Izi zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa magawo a synchronous inductor.
(2) Mavuto oti adziwike pakuyezera ma synchronous inductance
Kuti mupeze kachulukidwe kamphamvu, mawonekedwe a maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuti azikhala ovuta kwambiri, ndipo maginito amagetsi agalimoto amakhala odzaza kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma synchronous inductance parameter a motor amasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa maginito. maginito ozungulira. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, magawowo asintha ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito motere, kwathunthu ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito ma synchronous inductance parameters sangathe kuwonetsa bwino momwe magawo amayendera. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyeza mitengo ya inductance pansi pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito.
2.permanent maginito galimoto synchronous inductance kuyeza njira
Pepalali limasonkhanitsa njira zosiyanasiyana zoyezera ma synchronous inductance ndikuyerekeza ndi kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane. Njirazi zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu: kuyesa kwachindunji komanso kuyesa kosakhazikika. Kuyesa kosasunthika kumagawidwanso kukhala kuyesa kwa AC static ndi kuyesa kwa DC static. Lero, gawo loyamba la "Synchronous Inductor Test Methods" lifotokoza njira yoyezera katundu.
Literature [1] imayambitsa mfundo ya njira yolemetsa molunjika. Ma mota a maginito osatha nthawi zambiri amatha kuwunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso chapawiri kuti afufuze momwe akunyamula katundu wawo, ndipo mawonekedwe a gawo la jenereta ndi ntchito yamagalimoto akuwonetsedwa pazithunzi 1 pansipa. Mbali ya mphamvu θ ya jenereta ndi yabwino ndi E0 yoposa U, mphamvu yamagetsi φ ndi yabwino ndi I kupitirira U, ndipo mphamvu ya mkati mwa mphamvu ψ ndi yabwino ndi E0 yoposa I. Mphamvu ya mphamvu θ ya injini ndi yabwino ndi U kupitirira E0, mbali ya mphamvu ya mphamvu φ ndi yabwino ndi U kupitirira I, ndipo mphamvu yamkati ya mphamvu ψ ndi yabwino ndi I kupitirira E0.
Mkuyu. 1 Gawo chithunzi cha okhazikika maginito synchronous galimoto ntchito
(a) Boma la jenereta (b) State Motor
Malingana ndi chithunzi cha gawoli chingapezeke: pamene ntchito yokhazikika ya maginito yamagetsi, yoyezera mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi E0, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi U, panopa, mphamvu yamagetsi φ ndi ngodya ya mphamvu θ ndi zina zotero. panopa axis yowongoka, gawo la cross-axis Id = Isin (θ - φ) ndi Iq = Icos (θ - φ), ndiye Xd ndi Xq zitha kupezeka kuchokera ku equation iyi:
Pamene jenereta ikugwira ntchito:
Xd=[E0-Ucosθ-IR1cos(θ-φ)]/Id (1)
Xq=[Usinθ+IR1sin(θ-φ)]/Iq (2)
Pamene injini ikuyenda:
Xd=[E0-Ucosθ+IR1cos(θ-φ)]/Id (3)
Xq=[Usinθ-IR1sin(θ-φ)]/Iq (4)
Magawo okhazikika a maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors amasintha momwe magwiridwe antchito amasinthira, ndipo zida zikasintha, Xd ndi Xq zimasintha. Chifukwa chake, pozindikira magawo, onetsetsani kuti mukuwonetsanso momwe magalimoto amagwirira ntchito. (Kuchuluka kwa ma alternating and direct shaft current or stator current and internal power factor angle angle)
Chovuta chachikulu pakuyesa magawo ophatikizika ndi njira yolemetsa yolunjika ndi muyeso wa ngodya ya mphamvu θ. Monga tikudziwira, ndiye kusiyana kwa gawo pakati pa voteji yamoto U ndi mphamvu ya electromotive yosangalatsa. Pamene galimoto ikuyenda mokhazikika, magetsi omalizira amatha kupezedwa mwachindunji, koma E0 sangathe kupezedwa mwachindunji, kotero angapezeke mwa njira yosalunjika kuti apeze chizindikiro cha nthawi ndi nthawi yofanana ndi E0 ndi kusiyana kosiyana kwa gawo kuti alowe m'malo. E0 kuti mufananize gawo ndi mphamvu yomaliza.
Njira zachikhalidwe zosalunjika ndi:
1) mu kagawo kakang'ono ka injini yamoto yomwe ikuyesedwa phula ndi koyilo yoyambirira ya injini yokhotakhota zingapo za waya wabwino ngati koyilo yoyezera, kuti mupeze gawo lomwelo ndi mafunde amoto pansi pa chizindikiro chofananira cha voteji, poyerekezera ndi mphamvu factor angle ingapezeke.
2) Ikani motor synchronous pa shaft ya injini yoyesedwa yomwe ili yofanana ndi mota yomwe ikuyesedwa. Njira yoyezera gawo lamagetsi [2], yomwe ifotokozedwa pansipa, imachokera pa mfundo iyi. Chithunzi cholumikizira choyesera chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2. TSM ndi injini yokhazikika ya maginito yomwe imayesedwa, ASM ndi injini yofananira yomwe imafunikiranso, PM ndiye woyendetsa wamkulu, yemwe amatha kukhala injini yolumikizana kapena DC. galimoto, B ndi ananyema, ndi DBO ndi wapawiri mtengo oscilloscope.Magawo B ndi C a TSM ndi ASM olumikizidwa kwa oscilloscope. TSM ikalumikizidwa ndi magetsi a magawo atatu, oscilloscope imalandira zizindikiro za VTSM ndi E0ASM. chifukwa ma motors awiriwa ndi ofanana ndipo amayenda molumikizana, kubweza kwa TSM ya tester komanso kusanyamula katundu kwa ASM, komwe kumakhala ngati jenereta, E0ASM, kuli mu gawo. Choncho, mphamvu ya ngodya θ, mwachitsanzo, kusiyana kwa gawo pakati pa VTSM ndi E0ASM kungayesedwe.
Chithunzi cha 2 Chojambula choyesera mawaya choyezera ngodya ya mphamvu
Njirayi siigwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, makamaka chifukwa: ① mu shaft ya rotor mumayika mota yaing'ono yolumikizirana kapena thiransifoma yomwe imafunika kuyeza mota ili ndi mathero awiri otambasulidwa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuchita. ② Kulondola kwa kuyeza kwa ngodya ya mphamvu kumadalira makamaka zomwe zili mu VTSM ndi E0ASM, ndipo ngati zomwe zili ndi harmonic ndizochuluka, kulondola kwa kuyeza kudzachepetsedwa.
3) Kuti muwongolere kulondola kwa mayeso a ngodya yamagetsi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri masensa am'malo kuti muzindikire chizindikiro cha rotor, ndiyeno kufananiza ndi njira yomaliza yamagetsi.
Mfundo yayikulu ndikuyika diski yowonetsera kapena yowonetsera pamtengo wa injini yoyezera maginito synchronous motor, kuchuluka kwa mabowo omwe amagawidwa mofanana pa diski kapena zolembera zakuda ndi zoyera komanso kuchuluka kwa mapeya amitengo ya injini yofananira poyesedwa. . Diskiyo ikatembenuza kusintha kumodzi ndi mota, sensor ya photoelectric imalandira ma siginecha a p rotor ndikupanga p low voltage pulses. Pamene galimoto ikugwira ntchito synchronously, mafupipafupi a chizindikiro ichi cha rotor ndi ofanana ndi mafupipafupi a magetsi oyendetsa zida, ndipo gawo lake likuwonetsera gawo la mphamvu ya electromotive. Chizindikiro cha pulse synchronization chimakulitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe, gawo losunthika komanso voteji yoyeserera yamagetsi kuti mufananize gawo kuti mutenge kusiyana. Khazikitsani pamene ntchito ya galimoto yopanda katundu, kusiyana kwa gawo ndi θ1 (pafupifupi kuti panthawiyi mphamvu yamagetsi θ = 0), pamene katunduyo akuyenda, kusiyana kwa gawo ndi θ2, ndiye kusiyana kwa gawo θ2 - θ1 ndiko kuyeza. maginito okhazikika synchronous motor katundu mphamvu ngodya mtengo. Chithunzi chojambula chikuwonetsedwa pazithunzi 3.
Chithunzi cha 3 Chojambula chamiyeso ya ngodya ya mphamvu
Monga mu photoelectric litayamba uniformly TACHIMATA ndi wakuda ndi woyera chizindikiro n'zovuta, ndipo pamene anayeza okhazikika maginito synchronous galimoto mizati pa nthawi yolemba litayamba sangathe wamba ndi mzake. Kuphweka, akhoza kuyesedwa mu okhazikika maginito galimoto pagalimoto kutsinde wokutidwa mu bwalo la tepi wakuda wokutidwa ndi chizindikiro choyera, chonyezimira photoelectric sensa gwero kuwala limatulutsa ndi kuwala anasonkhana bwalo pamwamba pa tepi. Mwanjira imeneyi, kutembenukira kulikonse kwa galimoto, kachipangizo photoelectric mu transistor photosensitive chifukwa cholandira kuwala anasonyeza ndi conduction kamodzi, chifukwa mu magetsi zimachitika chizindikiro, pambuyo matalikidwe ndi kuumba kupeza kufananitsa chizindikiro E1. kuchokera mayeso galimoto zida zomangira mapeto a voteji iliyonse awiri gawo voteji, ndi voteji thiransifoma PT mpaka otsika voteji, anatumiza kwa voteji comparator, mapangidwe woimira amakona anayi gawo la voteji zimachitika chizindikiro U1. U1 ndi ma frequency a p-division, kufananitsa kwagawo kuti tifananize pakati pa gawo ndi wofananira gawo. U1 ndi ma frequency a p-division, ndi wofananizira gawo kuti afananize kusiyana kwake kwagawo ndi chizindikiro.
Kuperewera kwa njira yoyezera mphamvu yomwe ili pamwambayi ndikuti kusiyana pakati pa miyeso iwiriyi kuyenera kupangidwa kuti mupeze ngodya ya mphamvu. Pofuna kupewa kuchuluka kwa zinthu ziwiri zomwe zachotsedwa ndikuchepetsa kulondola, muyeso wa kusiyana kwa gawo la katundu θ2, kusintha kwa chizindikiro cha U2, kusiyana kwa gawo ndi θ2'=180 ° - θ2, ngodya yamphamvu θ=180 ° - ( θ1 + θ2'), yomwe imatembenuza ziwerengero ziwirizo kuchokera pakuchotsa gawolo kupita ku kuwonjezera. Chithunzi cha kuchuluka kwa gawo chikuwonetsedwa mkuyu 4.
Chithunzi 4 Mfundo ya njira yowonjezera gawo powerengera kusiyana kwa gawo
Njira ina yowongoleredwa sigwiritsa ntchito ma voltage rectangular waveform signal frequency division, koma gwiritsani ntchito makina ang'onoang'ono kuti mujambule mawonekedwe azizindikiro, motero, kudzera pamawonekedwe olowera, jambulani ma voliyumu osanyamula katundu ndi mafunde a rotor U0, E0, komanso mphamvu yamagetsi ndi malo ozungulira mawonekedwe amakona amakona amtundu wa U1, E1, ndiyeno kusuntha ma waveform a zojambulira ziwirizo zogwirizana wina ndi mnzake mpaka ma waveform a ma voliyumu awiri amtundu wamakona amakona amalumikizana kwathunthu, pomwe kusiyana kwagawo pakati pa zozungulira ziwirizo. pakati pa zizindikiro ziwiri za rotor ndi mphamvu ya ngodya; kapena sunthani mawonekedwe a ma waveform pamitundu iwiri ya ma rotor pomwe amafanana, ndiye kusiyana kwa magawo pakati pa ma siginecha awiriwa ndi mphamvu.
Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti ntchito yeniyeni yopanda katundu ya injini yokhazikika ya maginito synchronous, mphamvu ya ngodya si ziro, makamaka kwa ma motors ang'onoang'ono, chifukwa chopanda katundu wa kutaya katundu (kuphatikizapo kutayika kwa mkuwa wa stator, kutaya chitsulo, kutayika kwamakina, kutayika kosokera) ndikokulirapo, ngati mukuganiza kuti mphamvu yopanda mphamvu ya ziro ingayambitse vuto lalikulu pakuyezera mphamvu yamagetsi, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mota ya DC ikuyenda m'boma. ya mota, mayendedwe a chiwongolero ndi chiwongolero chamoto choyendera mosasinthasintha, chiwongolero cha mota ya DC, mota ya DC imatha kuthamanga pamalo omwewo, ndipo mota ya DC imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mota yoyesera. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti mota ya DC iyende m'boma la mota, chiwongolero ndi chiwongolero chagalimoto choyendera kuti chigwirizane ndi mota ya DC kuti ipereke kutayika konse kwa shaft yamoto yoyeserera (kuphatikiza kutayika kwachitsulo, kutayika kwa makina, kutayika kosokera, ndi zina). Njira yoweruzira ndiyoti mphamvu yolowera injini yoyeserera ndiyofanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa wa stator, ndiye kuti, P1 = pCu, ndi voliyumu komanso pakali pano. Panthawiyi kuyeza θ1 kumagwirizana ndi ngodya ya mphamvu ya ziro.
Mwachidule: ubwino wa njirayi:
① Njira yolemetsa yachindunji imatha kuyeza kukhazikika kwachulukidwe kokhazikika pansi pazigawo zosiyanasiyana zolemetsa, ndipo sikufuna njira yowongolera, yomwe ndi yachidziwitso komanso yosavuta.
Chifukwa muyeso umapangidwa mwachindunji pansi pa katundu, mphamvu ya machulukitsidwe ndi mphamvu ya demagnetization panopa pa magawo inductance akhoza kuganiziridwa.
Kuipa kwa njirayi:
① Njira yolemetsa yachindunji imayenera kuyeza zochulukira nthawi imodzi (voltage ya magawo atatu, magawo atatu apano, ngodya yamphamvu, ndi zina zambiri), kuyeza kwa ngodya yamphamvu kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, komanso kulondola kwa mayeso a kuchuluka kulikonse kumakhudzanso kulondola kwa mawerengedwe a parameter, ndipo zolakwa zamitundu yonse pamayeso a parameter ndizosavuta kudziunjikira. Choncho, pogwiritsira ntchito njira yolemetsa yolunjika kuti muyese magawo, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa pakuwunika zolakwika, ndikusankha kulondola kwapamwamba kwa chida choyesera.
② Kufunika kwa mphamvu ya electromotive mphamvu E0 munjira yoyezerayi imasinthidwa mwachindunji ndi magetsi oyendetsa galimoto popanda katundu, ndipo kuyerekezera uku kumabweretsanso zolakwika. Chifukwa, opareshoni mfundo ya okhazikika maginito kusintha ndi katundu, kutanthauza kuti osiyana mafunde stator, ndi permeability ndi flux kachulukidwe wa maginito okhazikika ndi osiyana, kotero chifukwa excitation electromotive mphamvu ndi osiyana. Mwanjira imeneyi, si zolondola kwambiri m'malo excitation electromotive mphamvu pansi katundu chikhalidwe ndi excitation electromotive mphamvu popanda katundu.
Maumboni
[1] Tang Renyuan et al. Malingaliro amakono okhazikika a maginito agalimoto ndi kapangidwe kake. Beijing: Machinery Industry Press. March 2011
[2] JF Gieras, M. Mapiko. Permanent Magnet Motor Technology, Design and Applications,2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2002:170-171
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