Frequency converter ndiukadaulo womwe umayenera kuphunzitsidwa bwino mukamagwira ntchito zamagetsi. Kugwiritsa ntchito frequency converter kuwongolera mota ndi njira yodziwika bwino pakuwongolera magetsi; ena amafunanso luso pakugwiritsa ntchito kwawo.
1.Choyamba, chifukwa chiyani ntchito pafupipafupi Converter kulamulira galimoto?
Galimoto ndi inductive katundu, zomwe zimalepheretsa kusintha kwamakono ndipo zidzatulutsa kusintha kwakukulu pakali pano poyambira.
Inverter ndi chipangizo chowongolera mphamvu yamagetsi chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito zida zozimitsa magetsi kuti zisinthe ma frequency a mafakitale kukhala ma frequency ena. Amapangidwa makamaka ndi mabwalo awiri, imodzi ndi yozungulira (rectifier module, electrolytic capacitor ndi inverter module), ndipo ina ndi control circuit (kusintha bolodi lamagetsi, control circuit board).
Kuti muchepetse kuyambika kwa injini, makamaka injini yokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu, mphamvu yokulirapo, yoyambira kwambiri. Kuchulukirachulukira koyambira kudzabweretsa cholemetsa chachikulu pamagetsi opangira magetsi ndi kugawa. Ma frequency converter amatha kuthana ndi vuto loyambira ndikulola injini kuti iyambe bwino popanda kuyambitsa mopitilira muyeso.
Ntchito ina yogwiritsira ntchito ma frequency converter ndikusintha liwiro la mota. Nthawi zambiri, pamafunika kuwongolera kuthamanga kwagalimoto kuti mupeze bwino kupanga, ndipo kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa ma frequency converter nthawi zonse kumakhala kowunikira kwambiri. Wotembenuza pafupipafupi amawongolera liwiro la mota posintha ma frequency amagetsi.
2.Kodi njira zowongolera ma inverter ndi ziti?
Njira zisanu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ma inverter control motors ndi izi:
A. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) njira yolamulira
Makhalidwe ake ndi mawonekedwe osavuta owongolera, otsika mtengo, kuuma kwamakina abwino, ndipo amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zowongolera liwiro la kufala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana amakampani.
Komabe, pama frequency otsika, chifukwa cha kutsika kwamagetsi, torque imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutsika kwamagetsi a stator, komwe kumachepetsa torque yayikulu kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe ake amakina sali olimba ngati ma mota a DC, ndipo mphamvu yake ya torque komanso magwiridwe antchito amawu sikokwanira. Kuphatikiza apo, magwiridwe antchito amtunduwu siwokwera, ma curve owongolera amasintha ndi katundu, kuyankha kwa torque kumachedwetsa, kugwiritsa ntchito torque yamoto sikukwera, ndipo magwiridwe antchito amachepa mwachangu chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa stator resistance ndi inverter kufa. Zone effect, ndipo kukhazikika kumawonongeka. Chifukwa chake, anthu aphunzira kuwongolera kwa ma vector control frequency frequency regulation.
B. Voltage Space Vector (SVPWM) Njira Yowongolera
Zimatengera momwe m'badwo wamitundu itatu umayendera, ndi cholinga choyandikira njira yabwino yozungulira yozungulira yozungulira ya mpweya wagalimoto, ndikupanga mawonekedwe a magawo atatu panthawi imodzi, ndikuwongolera njirayo. ya poligoni yolembedwa moyandikana ndi bwalo.
Pambuyo pakugwiritsa ntchito moyenera, zakonzedwa bwino, ndiko kuti, kubweretsa malipiro afupipafupi kuti athetse vuto la kuwongolera liwiro; kuyerekezera matalikidwe a flux kudzera mu ndemanga kuti athetse chikoka cha kukana kwa stator pa liwiro lotsika; kutseka magetsi otulutsa ndi loop yapano kuti muwongolere kulondola kwamphamvu komanso kukhazikika. Komabe, pali maulalo ambiri owongolera, ndipo palibe kusintha kwa torque komwe kumayambitsidwa, chifukwa chake magwiridwe antchito sanasinthidwe bwino.
Njira ya C. Vector control (VC).
Chofunikira ndikupangitsa injini ya AC kukhala yofanana ndi mota ya DC, ndikuwongolera pawokha kuthamanga ndi maginito. Pogwiritsa ntchito kusinthasintha kwa rotor, stator panopa imawonongeka kuti ipeze ma torque ndi maginito, ndipo kusintha kogwirizanitsa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti akwaniritse orthogonal kapena decoupled control. Kuyambitsa njira yoyendetsera vekitala ndikofunikira kwambiri. Komabe, pakugwiritsa ntchito, popeza kusinthasintha kwa rotor kumakhala kovuta kuwona bwino, mawonekedwe amachitidwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi magawo agalimoto, ndipo kusintha kwa vekitala komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito munjira yofananira ya DC motor control ndizovuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti zenizeni. kuwongolera zotsatira kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zowunikira.
D. Direct Torque Control (DTC) Njira
Mu 1985, Pulofesa DePenbrock wa ku yunivesite ya Ruhr ku Germany anakonza koyamba zaukadaulo wowongolera ma torque pafupipafupi. Ukadaulo uwu wathetsa kwambiri zofooka za kayendetsedwe ka vekitala zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, ndipo zapangidwa mwachangu ndi malingaliro owongolera atsopano, mawonekedwe achidule komanso omveka bwino, komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri komanso osasunthika.
Pakadali pano, ukadaulo uwu wagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pamakokedwe amagetsi amphamvu kwambiri a AC pama locomotives amagetsi. Kuwongolera kwa torque molunjika kumasanthula molunjika masamu a ma motors a AC mu dongosolo la stator coordination ndikuwongolera maginito ndi torque ya mota. Sichiyenera kufananitsa ma motors a AC ndi ma DC motors, motero kuchotsa mawerengedwe ovuta ambiri pakusintha kwa vekitala; sichiyenera kutsanzira kuyang'anira kwa ma motors a DC, komanso sikuyenera kufewetsa masamu a ma motors a AC kuti adutse.
E. Matrix AC-AC njira yowongolera
Kusintha kwafupipafupi kwa VVVF, kutembenuka kwafupipafupi kwa vekitala, ndi kutembenuka kwafupipafupi kwa torque ndi mitundu yonse ya kutembenuka kwafupipafupi kwa AC-DC-AC. Zoyipa zawo wamba ndizochepa zolowera mphamvu zamagetsi, mphamvu yayikulu yolumikizirana, mphamvu yayikulu yosungiramo mphamvu yofunikira kudera la DC, ndi mphamvu zotsitsimutsa sizingabwezeredwe ku gridi yamagetsi, ndiye kuti, sizingagwire ntchito mu quadrants zinayi.
Pachifukwa ichi, kutembenuka kwa matrix AC-AC pafupipafupi kudayamba. Popeza kutembenuka kwa matrix AC-AC pafupipafupi kumachotsa ulalo wapakatikati wa DC, kumachotsa ma electrolytic capacitor akulu komanso okwera mtengo. Ikhoza kukwaniritsa mphamvu ya 1, sinusoidal input panopa ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito mu quadrants inayi, ndipo dongosololi lili ndi mphamvu zambiri. Ngakhale luso limeneli silinakhwime, limakopabe akatswiri ambiri kuti achite kafukufuku wozama. Chofunikira chake sikungoyang'anira mosadukiza pakali pano, maginito ndi kuchuluka kwina, koma kugwiritsa ntchito torque mwachindunji ngati kuchuluka komwe kumayendetsedwa kuti mukwaniritse.
3.Kodi ma frequency converter amawongolera bwanji mota? Kodi awiriwa amalumikizana bwanji?
The mawaya a inverter kulamulira galimoto ndi losavuta, ofanana ndi mawaya wa contactor, ndi mizere itatu yaikulu mphamvu kulowa ndiyeno amatuluka kwa galimoto, koma zoikamo ndi zovuta kwambiri, ndi njira kulamulira inverter nawonso. zosiyana.
Choyamba, kwa ma inverter terminal, ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri ndi njira zopangira ma wiring, ma wiring terminals a inverter ambiri sali osiyana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'malo olowera kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa injini. Ma terminal amayankha amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyankha momwe injini ikugwirira ntchito,kuphatikiza pafupipafupi ntchito, liwiro, vuto, etc.
Pofuna kuwongolera liwiro, otembenuza ma frequency ena amagwiritsa ntchito potentiometers, ena amagwiritsa ntchito mabatani mwachindunji, zonse zomwe zimayendetsedwa kudzera mu waya wakuthupi. Njira ina ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito netiweki yolumikizirana. Otembenuza pafupipafupi ambiri tsopano amathandizira kuwongolera kulumikizana. Mzere woyankhulirana ungagwiritsidwe ntchito poyang'anira chiyambi ndi kuyimitsa, kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kuzungulira, kusintha kwa liwiro, ndi zina zotero. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chidziwitso cha ndemanga chimaperekedwanso kudzera mukulankhulana.
4.Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pa torque ya injini pamene liwiro lake lozungulira (kawirikawiri) likusintha?
Ma torque oyambira komanso torque yayikulu akamayendetsedwa ndi osinthira pafupipafupi amakhala ochepa kuposa akamayendetsedwa mwachindunji ndi magetsi.
Galimoto imakhala ndi mphamvu yoyambira komanso yothamanga kwambiri ikayendetsedwa ndi magetsi, koma izi zimakhala zofooka zikamayendetsedwa ndi ma frequency converter. Kuyamba kwachindunji ndi magetsi kudzapanga magetsi oyambira. Makina osinthira pafupipafupi akagwiritsidwa ntchito, ma voliyumu otulutsa ndi ma frequency a converter pafupipafupi amawonjezedwa pang'onopang'ono ku mota, motero injini yoyambira pano ndi mphamvu zimakhala zocheperako. Nthawi zambiri, makokedwe opangidwa ndi mota amachepa pomwe ma frequency amachepetsa (liwiro limachepa). Deta yeniyeni yochepetsera idzafotokozedwa m'mabuku ena osinthira pafupipafupi.
Galimoto yokhazikika idapangidwa ndikupangidwira voteji ya 50Hz, ndipo torque yake yovotera imaperekedwanso mkati mwamagetsi awa. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera liwiro pansi pa ma frequency ovotera kumatchedwa kusinthasintha kwa liwiro la torque. (T=Te, P<=Pe)
Kutulutsa pafupipafupi kwa ma frequency converter kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa 50Hz, torque yopangidwa ndi mota imachepa muubwenzi wofananira mosagwirizana ndi ma frequency.
injini ikathamanga pafupipafupi kuposa 50Hz, kukula kwa katundu wagalimoto kuyenera kuganiziridwa kuti kupewetsa torque yosakwanira.
Mwachitsanzo, torque yopangidwa ndi mota pa 100Hz imachepetsedwa mpaka 1/2 ya torque yomwe imapangidwa pa 50Hz.
Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera liwiro pamwamba pa ma frequency ovotera kumatchedwa kukhazikika kwa liwiro lamphamvu. (P=Uwu*Ie).
5.Kugwiritsa ntchito ma frequency converter pamwamba pa 50Hz
Kwa injini inayake, voteji yake yovotera ndi yapano yake imakhala yosasintha.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati oveteredwa mfundo za inverter ndi galimoto zonse: 15kW/380V/30A, galimoto akhoza kugwira ntchito pamwamba 50Hz.
Liwiro likakhala 50Hz, mphamvu yotulutsa inverter ndi 380V ndipo pano ndi 30A. Panthawi imeneyi, ngati ma frequency linanena bungwe kuchuluka kwa 60Hz, pazipita linanena bungwe voteji ndi panopa wa inverter akhoza kukhala 380V/30A. Mwachiwonekere, mphamvu yotulutsa imakhalabe yosasinthika, choncho timayitcha kuti nthawi zonse mphamvu yothamanga.
Kodi torque ili bwanji nthawi ino?
Chifukwa P = wT (w; liwiro la angular, T: torque), popeza P imakhalabe yosasinthika ndipo w imawonjezeka, torque idzachepa moyenerera.
Titha kuziyang'ananso mbali ina:
Mphamvu ya stator ya injini ndi U = E + I * R (Ine ndiripo, R ndi kukana kwamagetsi, ndipo E ndi mphamvu yopangidwira).
Zitha kuwoneka kuti U ndi ine sitisintha, E sasinthanso.
Ndipo E=k*f*X (k: mosalekeza; f: pafupipafupi; X: maginito flux), kotero f ikasintha kuchokera pa 50–>60Hz, X idzachepa moyenerera.
Kwa injini, T=K*I*X (K: nthawi zonse; I: panopa; X: maginito flux), kotero kuti torque T idzachepa pamene maginito flux X amachepetsa.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamene ili pansi pa 50Hz, popeza I * R ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, pamene U / f = E / f sichisintha, maginito a maginito (X) ndi okhazikika. Torque T ndi yofanana ndi yapano. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mphamvu yowonjezereka ya inverter nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza kuchuluka kwake (ma torque), ndipo imatchedwa kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa torque (yomwe idavotera imakhalabe yosasinthika-> torque yayikulu imakhalabe yosasinthika)
Kutsiliza: Pamene ma frequency a inverter akuwonjezeka kuchokera pamwamba pa 50Hz, torque yamoto imachepa.
6.Zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi torque yotulutsa
Kuthekera kwa kutentha ndi kutulutsa kutentha kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwaposachedwa kwa inverter, motero kumakhudza mphamvu ya torque ya inverter.
1. Mafupipafupi onyamulira: Mawonekedwe apano omwe amalembedwa pa inverter nthawi zambiri amakhala mtengo womwe ungatsimikizire kutulutsa kosalekeza pama frequency apamwamba kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri kozungulira. Kuchepetsa pafupipafupi chonyamulira sikungakhudze mphamvu ya injini. Komabe, kutentha kwa zigawozo kudzachepetsedwa.
2. Kutentha kozungulira: Monga momwe inverter chitetezo chamtengo wapatali sichidzawonjezedwa pamene kutentha kozungulira kumadziwika kuti ndikotsika.
3. Kutalika: Kuwonjezeka kwa msinkhu kumakhala ndi zotsatira pa kutentha kwa kutentha ndi ntchito yotsekemera. Nthawi zambiri, imatha kunyalanyazidwa pansi pa 1000m, ndipo mphamvu imatha kuchepetsedwa ndi 5% pamamita 1000 aliwonse pamwamba.
7.Kodi ma frequency oyenera osinthira pafupipafupi kuti aziwongolera mota ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule pamwambapa, taphunzira chifukwa chake inverter imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera mota, komanso kumvetsetsa momwe inverter imayendera mota. Inverter imayendetsa galimoto, yomwe ingafotokozedwe mwachidule motere:
Choyamba, inverter imayendetsa magetsi oyambira ndi ma frequency a mota kuti akwaniritse chiyambi chosalala komanso kuyimitsa kosalala;
Chachiwiri, inverter imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha liwiro la injini, ndipo liwiro la injini limasinthidwa ndikusintha pafupipafupi.
Maginito okhazikika a Anhui MingtengZogulitsa zimayendetsedwa ndi inverter. M'kati mwa katundu wa 25% -120%, ali ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso ntchito zambiri kuposa ma asynchronous motors amtundu womwewo, ndipo amakhala ndi zotsatira zopulumutsa mphamvu.
Akatswiri athu akatswiri amasankha inverter yoyenera kwambiri malinga ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso zosowa zenizeni za makasitomala kuti athe kuwongolera bwino mota ndikukulitsa magwiridwe antchito agalimoto. Kuphatikiza apo, dipatimenti yathu yautumiki waukadaulo imatha kuwongolera makasitomala patali kuti akhazikitse ndikusintha inverter, ndikuzindikira kutsata kozungulira ndi ntchito isanayambe kapena itatha.
Ufulu: Nkhaniyi ndi yosindikizanso nambala ya anthu a WeChat "Maphunziro aukadaulo", ulalo woyambirira https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/eLgSvyLFTtslLF-m6wXMtA
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Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-09-2024